ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, molecular characteristics, differential diagnosis and prognosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-translocation renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Two cases of ALK-translocation renal cell carcinoma diagnosed from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to characterize their morphological features, immunohistochemical expression and prognosis. Multiple molecular studies including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and next-generation sequencing were performed to characterize the genetic alterations. Results: Two patients included one male and one female, with 59 and 57 years old, respectively. Morphologically, case 1 resembled collecting duct carcinoma or renal medullary carcinoma, which demonstrated tubular, microcapsule and reticular structures, with a remarkable myxoid background and lymphocytes infiltration; case 2 resembled Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma or type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma, which demonstrated tubular papillary and focal solid structures, with flocculent cytoplasm and many foamy histiocytes, but without myxoid background and lymphocytes infiltration. Immunohistochemistry showed strongly positive expression of ALK. CK7, E-cadherin, vimentin, PAX8 and CD10 showed various degrees of expression, and other antibodies were nonreactive. A variety of molecular assays showed definite ALK gene translocation, with rare VCL-ALK gene fusion (VCL exon and 16-ALK exon 20) in case 1, and EML4-ALK gene fusion (EML4 exon and 2-ALK exon 20) in case 2. Conclusions: ALK-translocation renal cell carcinoma is rare with various morphological features, and is easy to miss and misdiagnose. The characteristic ALK expression and molecular detection of ALK translocation are helpful for diagnosing this type of renal cell carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Kidney Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, ultrastructure, genetic alterations and prognosis of succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (SDH RCC). Methods: A total of 11 SDH RCCs, diagnosed from 2010 to 2019, were selected from the Department of Pathology of Nanjing Jingling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine for clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), ultrastructural investigation and follow-up. The molecular features of seven cases were analyzed by the panel-targeted DNA next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: There were seven males and four females, with ages ranging from 24 to 62 years (mean 41.4 years, median 41 years). Microscopically, SDH RCC was mainly composed of solid and tubular structures with local cystic change. Four cases showed nested or trabecular structure distributed in a loose hypocellular connective tissue or around scar, similar to oncocytoma. The neoplastic cells demonstrated flocculent eosinophilic cytoplasm with typical intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Immunohistochemically, eight cases were negative for SDHB; three cases showed focal and weak expression, whereas normal renal tubular and vascular endothelial cells demonstrated strong cytoplasmic staining. NGS of DNA targeted-panel detected pathogenic mutations of SDHB gene in seven cases (including three cases with equivocal IHC expression of SDHB), without any mutations in other SDH related genes. There were four cases of SDHB missense mutation, one case of frameshift mutation, one case of splicing mutation, and one case of acquired stop codon mutation. Conclusions: SDH RCC is a distinct variant of RCCs with genetic tendency or with hereditary cancer syndrome. NGS is recommended to detect the related gene mutations for a definitive diagnosis. The patients should be closely followed up.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics , Endothelial Cells , Kidney Neoplasms/genetics , Prognosis , Succinate Dehydrogenase/geneticsABSTRACT
Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness, objectivity, and high throughput, which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior. Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements. However, they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software, which may be expensive. Here, we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor (AIBM) system based on an infrared touchscreen frame. Using this, animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events. This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms. The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient, unbiased, and low-cost manner.
ABSTRACT
For sexual reproduction, oocytes are mammalian female germ cells that provide the majority of maternal genetic material for early stage embryo production and development. Early stage embryos begin the process of multicellular organism formation through cell differentiation. Studies on mammalian female germ cells (oocytes) not only reveal its unique physiological characteristics, but also help understand the mechanism involved in cell differentiation of other cell types. However, because it is difficult to culture in vitro, our understanding of the function of oocytes and early stage embryos remains very limited. Gene editing or manipulation is one of the most commonly used method, which is also useful in the field of gametes study. In this review, we summarized the principles, advantages and disadvantages of techniques, which include conditional knockout, RNA interference, Morpholino, Trim-Away and antibody-mediated inhibition of protein function, currently used for gene manipulation in oocytes and early stage embryos. We also discuss the issues the investigators need to consider. Finally, we highlight the future directions for gene manipulation or editing in female germ cells and early stage embryos.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), and its value in the diagnosis of GCTB. Immunohistochemical (IHC) EnVision method was used to detect the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody and p63 in 83 GCTBs, 18 aneurysmal bone cysts, 23 chondroblastomas and 28 osteosarcomas diagnosed at Nanjing Jinling Hospital from June 2001 to April 2019. Among the 83 cases of GCTB, 69 cases (69/83, 83.1%) expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W expression was found exclusively in the mononuclear cell population with strong and diffuse nuclear staining. H3.3 G34W was expressed in 55 of 57 (96.5%) cases of GCTB in long bones, but only 14 of 26 (53.8%) cases of non-long bone GCTB. All recurrent (9/9)/metastatic GCTB (2/2), post-denosumab GCTB (3/3), primary malignant GCTB (3/3) and secondary malignant GCTB (5/5) also expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W was negative in all aneurysmal bone cysts and chondroblastomas. H3.3 G34W was positive in 3 of 28(10.7%) cases of osteosarcomas, and giant cell-rich osteosarcoma(GCRO) was the only histological subtype of osteosarcoma that expressed H3.3 G34W. p63 was expressed in 71.1%(59/83) of GCTB, while the positive rates of p63 in aneurysmal bone cysts,chondroblastomas and osteosarcomas were 3/18, 43.5% (10/23) and 21.4% (6/28) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in the diagnosis of GCTB were 83.1% and 95.7%. H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for GCTB and helpful for the diagnosis of GCTB and its variants. The limitation of this antibody is that as a mall number of GCTB harbor G34 mutation other than G34W, and thus that cannot be detected. The incidental expression of H3.3 G34W mutant protein in osteosarcoma could be a potential diagnostic dilemma, and the results of H3.3 G34W IHC staining needs careful interpretation.
ABSTRACT
The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex (PHG-OFC) circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex (POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex (vlOFC) circuit in rodents. Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice, and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on the AD spectrum. We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice. Moreover, MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33% for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters. Thus, the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD, thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Youzhi artificial intelligence (AI) software is the AI-assisted decision-making system for diagnosing skin tumors. The high diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software was previously validated in specific datasets. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of diagnostic capacity between Youzhi AI software and dermatologists in real-world clinical settings.@*METHODS@#A total of 106 patients who underwent skin tumor resection in the Dermatology Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 and were confirmed as skin tumors by pathological biopsy were selected. Dermoscopy and clinical images of 106 patients were diagnosed by Youzhi AI software and dermatologists at different dermoscopy diagnostic levels. The primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Youzhi AI software with that of dermatologists and that measured in the laboratory using specific data sets. The secondary results included the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F-measure, and Matthews correlation coefficient of Youzhi AI software in the real-world.@*RESULTS@#The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software in real-world clinical settings was lower than that of the laboratory data (P < 0.001). The output result of Youzhi AI software has good stability after several tests. Youzhi AI software diagnosed benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images and diagnosed disease types with higher diagnostic accuracy than by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.008, P = 0.016, respectively). Compared with dermatologists, Youzhi AI software was more accurate in the diagnosis of skin tumor types through the recognition of dermoscopic images (P = 0.01). By evaluating the diagnostic performance of dermatologists under different modes, the diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in diagnosing disease types by matching dermoscopic and clinical images was significantly higher than that by identifying dermoscopic and clinical images in random sequence (P = 0.022). The diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in the diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images was significantly higher than that by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.010).@*CONCLUSION@#The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software for skin tumors in real-world clinical settings was not as high as that of using special data sets in the laboratory. However, there was no significant difference between the diagnostic capacity of Youzhi AI software and the average diagnostic capacity of dermatologists. It can provide assistant diagnostic decisions for dermatologists in the current state.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions.@*DATA SOURCES@#Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy.@*STUDY SELECTION@#A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations.@*RESULTS@#Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China.@*CONCLUSION@#Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To construct and identify a mouse model with conditional knockout (cKO) of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR-cKO) gene in epidermis cells by Cre-loxP system.@*Methods@#Five p75NTRflox/flox transgenic C57BL/6J mice (aged 6-8 weeks, male and female unlimited, the age and sex of mice used for reproduction were the same below) and five keratin 14 promotor-driven (KRT14-) Cre+ /- transgenic C57BL/6J mice were bred and hybridized via Cre-loxP system. Five p75NTRflox/+ ·KRT14-Cre+ /- mice selected from the first generation of mice were mated with five p75NTRflox/flox mice to obtain the second generation hybrids. After the second generation mice were born 20-25 days, the parts of the mice tail were cut off to identify the genotype by polymerase chain reaction method. Four p75NTR gene complete cKO mice (6 weeks old) and 4 wild-type mice (6 weeks old) were selected and sacrificed respectively. The abdominal skin tissue and brain tissue were excised to observe the expression of p75NTR in the two tissue of two types of mice by immunohistochemical staining. The abdominal skin tissue of two types of mice was obtained to observe the histomorphological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining.@*Results@#(1) Twenty second generation mice were bred. The genotype of 4 mice was p75NTRflox/flox·KRT14-Cre+ /-(p75NTR-/-), i. e. p75NTR gene complete cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTRflox/+ ·KRT14-Cre+ /-, i. e. p75NTR gene partial cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTRflox/flox·KRT14-Cre-/-, and that of 6 mice was p75NTRflox/+ ·KRT14-Cre-/-, all of which were wild-type mice. (2) The expression of p75NTR was negative in skin epidermis tissue of p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, while numerous p75NTR positive expression was observed in skin epidermis tissue of wild-type mice. Abundant p75NTR positive expression was observed in brain tissue of both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice. (3) There was no abnormal growth of skin epidermis tissue in both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, with intact hair follicle structure.@*Conclusions@#Applying Cre-loxP system can successfully construct a p75NTR-cKO mice model in epidermis cells without obvious changes in skin histomorphology.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions.@*Data sources@#Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy.@*Study selection@#A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations.@*Results@#Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China.@*Conclusion@#Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of DNA from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after immunohistochemical staining and investigate DNA extraction by immunohistochemical staining of the specimens in small in number or difficult to obtain and the feasibility of related molecular tests. Methods We randomly collected 50 FFPE biopsy specimens of NSCLC in our Department of Pathology from June 2017 to December 2017 and sliced each into 12 sections, of which, 6 were directly subjected to DNA extraction (the control group) and the other 6 to immunohistochemical Envision two-step staining for DNA extraction (the experimental group). Then, we detected the mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) in all the DNAs extracted. Results No statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the DNA concentration and purity in the 50 FFPE biopsy specimens of NSCLC (P>0.05). Of the 50 NSCLC FFPE specimens of the experimental group, 20 (40%) showed the mutation of EGFR, 8 (16%) exhibited that of KRAS, and 5 (10%) manifested that of BRAF. In the other 50 specimens of the control group, 33 showed the mutations of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF. A 100% consistency was found in the results of detection between the experimental and control groups (P=0.000, Kappa=1.000). Conclusion High-quality DNA can be extracted after immunohistochemical staining from NSCLC FFPE specimens, especially those small in number or difficult to obtain, and can be used for downstream molecular analysis of target genes, which is a good method for specimen recycling and provides a solution for subsequent molecular test of scarce or difficult-to-obtain clinical samples.
ABSTRACT
Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic features of primary mediastinal germ cell tumors and to improve the diagnosis and treatment guidance. Methods The clinical features, histologic findings, molecular detection and biological behaviors of 56 PMGCT cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results The age of patients ranged from 9 to 48 years (median age 29.1 years), and mature teratoma(76.8％, 43/56) were the most common type.3 cases of mature teratoma were prepubertal patients.53 cases of postpubertal patients included 40 cases of mature teratoma, 2 cases of nonmature teratoma, 2 cases of yolk sac tumor, 5 cases of seminoma, 4 cases of mixed germ cell tumor. All malignant PMGCTs were male, and mature teratoma was found in the female. Histopathologic morphology and immune phenotype of primary mediastinal germ cell tumors were consistent with those of sexual gland. The isochromosome 12p was detected in various component of malignant GCTs, not in mature teratoma. All patients underwent surgical resection, with additional chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumor cases. The prognosis of mature teratoma regardless of prepubertal or postpubertal patients was benign, but PMGCTs (except mature teratoma) of postpubertal type were malignant. Conclusion Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors are rare and mature teratoma is most common. The malignant PMGCTs mostly occur in young men. The abnormal 12p detected by FISH is helpful to differential diagnosis and guide the treatment.
ABSTRACT
The CatSper channel is known as one of the most important Ca²⁺ channels on the cell membrane of mammalian sperm and plays a key role in the motility, hyperactivation and fertilization function of sperm. The CatSper protein, expressed exclusively in the principal piece of the sperm tail, is composed of CatSper1-4 and 5 auxiliary unitsβ,γ,δ and ε, and has an essential part in the functional and structural domains of Ca²⁺as well as in the spatiotemporal regulation of the P-Tyr protein, sperm hyperactivation, efficient sperm migration in the oviduct, egg penetration, and normal fertility. Recent studies show that functional deficiency of CatSper seriously affects sperm function,and the loss of any one of its 9 subunits may lead to male reproductive dysfunction. This paper outlines recent advances in the studies of the CatSperprotein, focusing on its expression, location, structure, and regulation,as well as itsinfluence on sperm hyperactivation and male reproduction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Calcium Channels , Chemistry , Physiology , Infertility, Male , Sperm Motility , Physiology , Sperm Tail , Metabolism , Sperm-Ovum Interactions , Physiology , Spermatozoa , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To measure the dynamic parameters of pushing manipulation with one-finger (PMOF), and provide the quantitative basis for evaluation and measurable criteria of PMOF. Methods A multi-film pressure measurement system was used to test and record the graphics of the operator when performing PMOF, and the data of corresponding parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results For PMOP, the maximum force was (11.75±0.88) N, the operation frequency was (111.7±6.98) times/ min, the cycle was (539±35.73) ms, the effective work ratio was greater than 0.28, and the waveform homogeneity was greater than 0.927. Conclusions The requirement of being permanent, forceful, homogeneity during PMOP can be objectively measured thorough graphics and quantitative indicators, but there is still a lack of quantitative indicators to measure and evaluate the requirement of being soft, deep and thorough for PMOF.
ABSTRACT
To study relevant risk factors of Shenmai injection induced adverse reactions by using Logistic model and ROC curve, and made the prediction for the occurrence of relevant adverse reactions/events. Case data of patients treated with Shenmai injection were collected by using the prospective, multi-center, large-sample, nested-case control method, in order to analyze the risk factors of Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events, establish the logistic model and draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for risk factors. During the study, 7632 patients (including 3 477 males and 4 155 females) were included, and eight of them suffered adverse reactions/events. Based on a multi-factor Logistic model analysis, the age (> or = 50 years) (OR = 5.061, 95% CI: 2.197-7.924; P = 0.001), the total number of medication days (OR = -1.020, 95% CI: -l.652 - 0.388; P = 0.002) and the single dose (OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.127-0.364; P = 0.000) were significant independent risk factors for Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events. According to the results, ROC curves were drawn with age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of inedication and single dose; The area under ROC curves the joint predictor (0.9753, 95% CI: 0.9443-1.000, P < 0.005) was larger than that of the other three single indexes, with a higher risk prediction value. The independent risk factors for Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events included the age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of medication and single dose. In clinical practice, the age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of medication and the medication dose can be substituted in the joint predictor calculation formula (P = 1 / [1 + e(-(-21.58 + 5.061 x Xage - 1.020 x Xd + 0.245 x X(mL)] to predict the potential adverse reactions of patients and adjust the dosage regimen.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Epidemiology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Logistic Models , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the prognostic significance of the new WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathological records were reviewed in 73 patients with colorectal NENs (carcinoids). All slides were retrieved and reviewed, immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method) was performed and follow-up information retrieved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one men and thirty-two women were included with a median age of 53 years (19 - 79 years). The location of the primary tumors in 65 patients was within 10 cm from the anorectal line. In 45 cases, the tumor diameter was ≤ 1 cm (no metastasis occurred); in 11 cases, the tumor diameter was > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm (two patients had metastatic tumors); in 17 cases, the tumor diameter was > 2 cm (12 patients had metastatic tumors). The metastatic rate was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.000). All tumors were immunoreactivity for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A. According to the criteria of WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs, there were 65 cases of neuroendocrine tumors, including 51 cases of grade 1 (G1), 14 cases of grade 2 (G2), 4 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3) and 4 cases of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. Following-up data showed that of the 34 patients with G1 tumor, there were no tumor-related death, but two patients showed metastases, and the remaining patients were disease free for 6 to 179 months. Of the 12 patients with G2 tumors, five developed metastasis, there were two tumor-related deaths, and the nine surviving patients were alive for 17 to 118 months. Of the four G3 patients, all developed metastasis and there were three tumor-related deaths. Of the four mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma there were two tumor-related deaths. The difference of metastatic rate, tumor-related mortality, and overall survival among different grading groups in this series was statistically significant (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm is a group of tumors with distinct prognostic difference, and most of these tumors show an indolent clinical behavior. There is a good correlation between the new WHO classification and staging system of gastroenteropancreatic NENs and their clinical behaviors.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Metabolism , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Chromogranin A , Metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Liver Neoplasms , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Metabolism , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Survival Rate , Synaptophysin , Metabolism , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of low-dose daily de-escalatory administration of tadalafil on psychological erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomized 84 psychological ED patients into an observation and a control group of equal number to receive low-dose daily de-escalatory administration and on-demand medication of tadalafil, respectively, both for 2 months. We compared the scores on IIEF-5 and erection hardness (EHS) between the two groups before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treatment and follow-up were accomplished for 79 cases, with 5 withdrawals in the control group. The IIEF-5 and EHS scores were remarkably improved in both the observation and control groups after treatment. The rate of therapeutic effectiveness was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control (95.2% vs 86.5%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low-dose daily de-escalatory administration of tadalafil is highly effective and even better than on-demand medication of tadalafil for psychological ED.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Carbolines , Therapeutic Uses , Erectile Dysfunction , Drug Therapy , Psychology , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors , Therapeutic Uses , TadalafilABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of low-dose testosterone undecanoate capsules combined with tadalafil on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) accompanied with ED.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety cases of LOH accompanied with ED who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a control group and a combination therapy group, the former treated with tadalafil and the latter with low-dose testosterone undecanoate capsules combined with tadalafil. The LOH symptoms, IIEF-5 scores, sexual encounter profile (SEP) scores, prostate volumes, and the levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were recorded and compared between the two groups before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IIEF-5 and SEP scores and the TT and FT levels were 20.6 +/- 3.8, 4.02 +/- 1.08, (15.4 +/- 3.4) nmol/L and (0.391 +/- 0.062) nmol/L, respectively, in the combination therapy group after treatment, significantly higher both than 15.7 +/- 3.9, 1.49 +/- 0.82, (10.1 +/- 1.2) nmol/L and (0.200 +/- 0.045) nmol/L before treatment (P < 0.01) and than 8.6 +/- 3.6, 3.50 +/- 1.21, (10.2 +/- 1.2) nmol/L and (0.210 +/- 0.051) nmol/L in the control group after treatment (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low-dose testosterone undecanoate capsules combined with tadalafil has a definite clinical effect and no obvious adverse reactions in the treatment of LOH accompanied with ED.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carbolines , Therapeutic Uses , Drug Therapy, Combination , Erectile Dysfunction , Drug Therapy , Hypogonadism , Drug Therapy , Tadalafil , Testosterone , Therapeutic Uses , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (PDFSP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical history, histopathological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis were analyzed in seven cases of PDFSP. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the expression of COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene, and related literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the seven patients (4 females, 3 males) was 47 years with the tumors involving mostly the trunk (four cases). Histologically, PDFSP showed a cellular lesion composed of spindle cells arranged in short fascicles that form a distinct storiform pattern, and the pigmented bipolar or multipolar dendritic cells were present with tentacle like processes emanating from a nucleus containing zone. One case showed fibrosarcomatous change. The pigment was tinctorially similar to melanin. The spindle cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, but negative for HMB45, Melan A, S-100, desmin, CD68 or α-SMA. HMB45, Melan A, S-100 and vimentin were expressed in the melanin containing cells in 4, 4, 5 and 7 cases, respectively. The labeling index of Ki-67 was 1%-8%. Among the 4 cases successfully examined by FISH, 3 showed t(17;22)(q21;q13) which suggested COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene. Three patients were treated by wide local excision and four were treated by simple surgical excision. Two patients developed recurrences during the follow-up period of 12 to 123 months. Of those treated by wide local excision, none developed recurrence. No patient died in the follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PDFSP is a rare pigmented variant of DFSP and an intermediate grade malignant tumor. The orgin of the tumor cells is still controversial. Surgical pathologists and dermatopathologists need to be aware of the prototypical histological appearance of PDFSP as there is a risk of misdiagonsing it as either pigmented tumors associated with neurocutaneous syndromes or a highly malignant melanocytic neoplasm.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antigens, CD34 , Metabolism , Dermatofibrosarcoma , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Follow-Up Studies , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , MART-1 Antigen , Metabolism , Melanoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Melanoma-Specific Antigens , Metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neurilemmoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Neurofibroma , Metabolism , Pathology , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion , Metabolism , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , S100 Proteins , Metabolism , Skin Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Dioscornin Tablet (DT) containing serum on nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expressions in rats' synovial cell strain 364 (RSC-364) induced by interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms for DT to inhibit angiogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this experiment, the vehicle control group, the cell model group, the DT containing serum group, and the positive control group (Tripterygium containing serum) were set up. The DT containing serum and the Tripterygium containing serum were prepared. The RA cell model was established by IL-17 combined TNF-alpha induced injury in RSC-364. The RA cells were intervened by DT containing serum and Tripterygium containing serum respectively. The DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB p65 was detected using TransAM NF-kappaB p65. The expression of STAT3 was observed using Western blot. The VEGF mRNA expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the vehicle control group, the NF-kappaB p65 activity, the expressions of STAT3 and VEGF mRNA increased significantly in RSC-364 induced by IL-17 +TNF-alpha (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the NF-kappaB p65 activity, the expressions of STAT3 and VEGF mRNA decreased significantly in the DT containing serum group and the positive control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DT inhibited the VEGF mRNA expression through inhibiting the NF-kappaB p65 activity and the STAT3 protein expression in the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activating transcription factor pathway, thus inhibiting the angiogenesis of RA.</p>